Maidsafe

This seems to be the most mature (though not yet released) effort to decentralize and secure the internet. The system is called Safe Network.
The idea is similar to that of IPFS. Files are shredded locally encrypted and distributed. All transactions are paid or rewarded by a special crypto currency call 'Safecoin'.
Consensus method is itself decentralized (not global) and does not use blockchain technology.
The emphasize is encryption, self authentication (no accounts) and eliminating the middleman in data exchanges, storage and applications. Maidsafe actually redesigns portions of the internet multilayered protocol.
All users of the network contribute unused space on their local machines to store information in a distributed manner. They earn safecoins in proportion to the resources they make available and pay safecoins in proportion to the size of data they store and the applications they use.
In the future the Safe network will support distributed computing in the same fashion it supports distributed storage.

Some resources: